RPM 制作和安装离线包
在有网环境制作离线包
有以下几种方式，三选一。
- yum install –downloadonly
- 开启 yum 缓存
- yumdownloader
yum install –downloadonly
--downloadonly 的意思是只下载，不安装。
对于 Centos/REHL 6 之前的版本，需要安装 yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly 才能支持这个参数。否则会报错 Command line error: no such option: --downloadonly。
yum 将会下载所有的依赖包。
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<path-to-cache-directory> <package-name>
如果它显示 Package <package-name> already installed and latest version Nothing to do，则换用 reinstall，
yum reinstall --downloadonly --downloaddir=<path-to-cache-directory> <package-name>
yumdownloader
yum install yum-utils 安装 yumdownloader。
yumdownloader <package-name>，会只下载，不安装。且不会下载依赖包。
开启 yum 缓存
详见这篇文档。
在离线环境安装 RPM 包
先用 createrepo 创建本地软件仓库。然后在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 配置软件源指向本地仓库，最后用 yum install 来安装。
yum install vs yum localinstall
In RHEL 5 and previous versions, yum install only accepted package names from enabled repositories, and did not accept paths to local RPMs; you had to use yum localinstall to install these.
In RHEL 6 and later, yum install accepts both package names and local filenames, so localinstall is no longer necesary, but it’s included for backward compatibility.
https://serverfault.com/a/940803/1006817