YUM

yum 的学习使用。

YUM 资料手册

http://yum.baseurl.org/
http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides.html

查看 YUM

rpm -qa|grep yum 查看已安装的 yum 信息

配置目录

/etc/yum
├── fssnap.d
├── pluginconf.d
│   ├── branch.conf
│   ├── fastestmirror.conf
│   └── langpacks.conf
├── protected.d
│   └── systemd.conf
├── vars
├── version-groups.conf
├── yum-cron.conf
└── yum-cron-hourly.conf

/etc/yum.conf

/etc/yum.repos.d
├── alios.repo
├── ops.repo
├── ops.repo.render-5256
├── ops.repo.saveyum.20200224
├── RHEL.repo
├── taobao.repo
├── taobao.repo.render-5258
└── taobao.repo.saveyum.20200224

/etc/yum.conf

http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/yum.conf.5.html

/etc/yum.repos.d

http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/yum.conf.5.html#[repository]_OPTIONS

mirrorlist

/etc/yum/pluginconf.d

YUM 常用插件
- yum-plugin-fastestmirror
- yum-plugin-priorities
- yum-metadata-parser
- yum-langpacks
- yum-utils: tools for manipulating repositories and extended package management
  - debuginfo-install - install debuginfo packages and their dependencies
  - package-cleanup - manage package cleanup, duplicates, orphaned packages and outstanding dependency problems
  - repo-graph - outputs a full package dependency list in dot format
  - repo-rss - generates an RSS feed from one or more repositories
  - repoclosure - reads metadata of repositories, checks dependencies and displays list of unresolved dependencies
  - repodiff - takes two or more repositories, returns a list of added, removed or changed packages
  - repomanage - manages a directory of rpm packages, returns a list of newest or oldest packages in a directory
  - repoquery - query yum repositories and get additional information on the them
  - reposync - synchronize a remote yum repository to a local directory using yum to retrieve packages
  - repotrack - track packages and its dependencies and downloads them
  - yum-builddep - installs missing dependencies to build a specified package
  - yum-complete-transaction - finds incomplete or aborted yum transactions and attempts to complete them
  - yum-installed - print a compact package list making use of comps groups
  - yumdownloader - downloads packages from yum repositories including source RPMs
YUM 其他插件
- yum-plugin-versionlock

RPM 仓库

RpmForge：是 RHEL 系统下的软件仓库，拥有 10000 多个软件包，被认为是最安全、最稳定的一个软件仓库。
- 清华镜像: https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/repoforge/
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)：是由 Fedora Special Interest Group 维护的 Enterprise Linux（RHEL、CentOS）中经常用到的包。
- 清华镜像：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/epel/

YUM 指定仓库

yum install --enablerepo=<repo-name> <package-name>

意思是只用指定仓库来安装包。 --enablerepo 还可以使用通配符 *。

另外也有 --disablerepo= 来排除指定的仓库。

注意 –disablerepo –enablerepo 顺序

yum repolist –disablerepo=* –enablerepo=repo
yum repolist –enablerepo=repo –disablerepo=*

这两个命令结果是不一样的，disablerepo=* 在后，会禁用所有 repo。

yum 缓存

cat /etc/yum.conf | grep cache 一般会看到如下结果，

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1

cachedir 是 rpm 包缓存目录。 keepcache=1 的意思是开启 rpm 包缓存。

因此你可以在 /var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever/[repository]/packages 目录下查看到 rpm 包缓存。

一些指令。

yum makecache 保证缓存是最新的。
yum clean all 清除所有缓存。
yum -C <command> 使用缓存执行命令。

详见文章 RedHat - WORKING WITH YUM CACHE。

YUM

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